The 20 Best Foods for People with Kidney Disease in 2024

Individuals with kidney disease may be required to adhere to a specific diet that is typically low in sodium, phosphorus, and potassium. While this diet may not cure the kidneys, it can contribute to their improved health.

When kidneys do not function correctly, waste accumulates in the blood, including waste products derived from food. A specialized diet, referred to as a renal diet, can be advantageous for those with kidney disease.
We will now examine 20 optimal food choices for individuals managing kidney disease.

Given the strong association between kidney and heart diseases, it is advisable to follow a heart-healthy diet that is abundant in fresh, plant-based foods and low in saturated fats. Personalized dietary guidance from a healthcare professional is crucial due to the individual nature of kidney disease. Beneficial foods for kidney health include:

1. Cauliflower

Cauliflower is a nutrient-rich vegetable that offers vitamin K, folate, and fiber. It is also abundant in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. For those looking for a low-potassium alternative to potatoes, mashed cauliflower is an excellent option. Approximately 62 grams (half a cup) of boiled, unsalted cauliflower contains:

- Sodium: 9.3 milligrams (mg)
- Potassium: 88 mg
- Phosphorus: 20 mg
- Protein: 1 g

2. Blueberries

Blueberries are abundant in nutrients and antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins, which may help protect against heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions. They are also low in sodium, phosphorus, and potassium. A cup (148 g) of fresh blueberries provides approximately:
- Sodium: 1.5 mg
- Potassium: 114 mg
- Phosphorus: 18 mg
- Protein: 1 g

3. Sea Bass

Sea bass is a type of fish that offers high-quality protein and contains beneficial omega-3 fatty acids. These omega-3s may assist in preventing various diseases and improving the health of individuals with chronic conditions. Three ounces (85 g) of cooked sea bass include approximately:
- Sodium: 74 mg
- Potassium: 279 mg
- Phosphorus: 211 mg
- Protein: 20 g

However, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) advises consuming small portions of meat or fish, as high levels of protein can increase the workload on the kidneys. They recommend a portion size of 2–3 ounces of chicken, fish, or meat, roughly equivalent to the size of a deck of cards.

4. Red Grapes

Red grapes are an excellent source of antioxidants known as flavonoids, which may help reduce inflammation and offer protection against heart disease, diabetes, and other health conditions.
A half-cup (75 g) serving of red grapes contains:
- Sodium: 1.5 mg
- Potassium: 144 mg
- Phosphorus: 15 mg
- Protein: 0.5 g

5. White Egg

Egg whites are a high-quality, kidney-friendly protein source low in phosphorus, making them a preferable option for those on a renal diet compared to whole eggs, which have higher phosphorus levels.

Two large, raw egg whites (66 g) provide:
- Sodium: 110 mg
- Potassium: 108 mg
- Phosphorus: 10 mg
- Protein: 7 g

6. Garlic

Garlic is a flavorful substitute for salt, enhancing dishes while offering nutritional benefits. It is rich in manganese and vitamin B6 and contains sulfur compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties.
Three cloves (9 g) of garlic offer:
- Sodium: 1.5 mg
- Potassium: 36 mg
- Phosphorus: 14 mg
- Protein: 0.5 g

7. Buckwheat

Buckwheat is a whole grain that is low in potassium and rich in B vitamins, magnesium, iron, and fiber. It is also gluten-free, making it an appropriate choice for individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity.

A half-cup (85 g) serving of buckwheat contains:

- Sodium: 0.8 mg

- Potassium: 391 mg

- Phosphorus: 295 mg

- Protein: 11 g

8. Olive Oil

Olive oil is a nutritious source of vitamin E and predominantly unsaturated fats, without any phosphorus, which makes it ideal for those with kidney conditions.

The majority of the fat in olive oil is oleic acid, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, monounsaturated fats remain stable at high temperatures, making olive oil a wise choice for cooking.

One tablespoon (14 g) of olive oil contains:

- Sodium: 0.3 mg

- Potassium: 0.1 mg

- Phosphorus: 0 mg

- Protein: 0 g

9. Bulgur

Bulgur is a whole grain wheat product that serves as a kidney-friendly substitute for other whole grains higher in potassium and phosphorus.

Bulgur offers B vitamins, magnesium, and iron, along with plant-based protein and fiber, crucial for digestive health.

A half-cup (70 g) serving of cooked bulgur contains:

- Sodium: 154 mg

- Potassium: 48 mg

- Phosphorus: 28 mg

- Protein: 2 g

10. Cabbage

Cabbage, a member of the cruciferous vegetable family, is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

A 2021 study indicates that white, green, and red cabbage may:

- Manage blood sugar levels

- Reduce the risk of kidney and liver damage

- Prevent oxidative stress and obesity

One cup (70 g) of shredded savoy cabbage provides:

- Sodium: 20 mg

- Potassium: 161 mg

- Phosphorus: 29 mg

- Protein: 1.4 g

11. Skinless Chicken

Skinless chicken breast contains less fat and phosphorus than chicken with skin.

One cup (140 g) of cooked, skinless chicken breast offers:

- Sodium: 104 mg

- Potassium: 358 mg

- Phosphorus: 319 mg

- Protein: 43 g

The NIDDK recommends that individuals with kidney disease limit meat and fish portions to 2–3 ounces to avoid overworking the kidneys due to high protein levels.

12. Bell Peppers

Bell peppers are abundant in vitamins A and C, along with other antioxidants, yet they are low in potassium.

 These nutrients are crucial for immune function, which is significantly associated with kidney health.

One medium red bell pepper (100 g) contains:

- Sodium: less than 2.5 mg

- Potassium: 213 mg

- Phosphorus: 27 mg

- Protein: 1 g

13. Onions

Cutting down on salt can be difficult, but onions offer a way to add sodium-free flavor to renal diet meals.

 Sautéed onions with garlic, olive oil, and herbs can enhance the taste of dishes without affecting kidney health.

Onions are rich in vitamin C, manganese, and B vitamins, including folate. They also contain prebiotic fibers that support a healthy digestive system by nourishing beneficial gut bacteria.

A small onion (70 g) provides:

- Sodium: 3 mg

- Potassium: 102 mg

- Phosphorus: 20 mg

- Protein: 0.8 g 

14. Arugula

Arugula is a tasty and nutrient-rich leafy green with low potassium content, ideal for kidney-friendly salads and sides. It's a source of vitamin K, manganese, and calcium, crucial for bone health.Arugula also has nitrates, which may help reduce blood pressure—a significant advantage for those with kidney conditions.

A cup (20 g) of raw arugula offers:

- Sodium: 5 mg

- Potassium: 74 mg

- Phosphorus: 10 mg

- Protein: 0.5 g

15. Macadamia Nuts

Many nuts have high phosphorus levels and aren't recommended for a renal diet.However, macadamia nuts are a tasty alternative for individuals with kidney issues, as they have lower potassium and phosphorus levels compared to peanuts or almonds.

 

They also provide calcium, healthy fats, folate, magnesium, copper, iron, and manganese

An ounce (28 g) of macadamia nuts contains:

- Sodium: 1.4 mg

- Potassium: 104 mg

- Phosphorus: 53 mg

- Protein: 2 g

16. Radish

Radishes are crunchy vegetables that are a nutritious addition to a renal diet. They are low in potassium and phosphorus but high in other essential nutrients, such as folate and vitamin A.Their peppery flavor is a great way to enhance low sodium dishes.

A half-cup (58 g) of sliced radishes contains:

- Sodium: 23 mg

- Potassium: 135 mg

- Phosphorus: 12 mg

- Protein: 0.4 g

17. Turnips

Turnips are root vegetables rich in fiber, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and manganese.They can be roasted or boiled and mashed to create a healthy side dish suitable for a renal diet. You can also serve them raw, grated in a salad, or incorporated into a hearty winter stew.

A half-cup (80 g) of cooked turnip cubes contains:

- Sodium: 160 mg

- Potassium: 159 mg

- Phosphorus: 22 mg

- Protein: 1 g

18. Pineapple

Pineapple is a sweet option for individuals with kidney conditions, as it has lower levels of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium compared to oranges, bananas, or kiwis.

Pineapple also provides a good source of fiber and vitamin A, and contains bromelain, an enzyme that may help reduce inflammation.

One cup (165 g) of pineapple chunks contains:

- Sodium: 2 mg

- Potassium: 180 mg

- Phosphorus: 13 mg

- Protein: 1 g

19. Cranberries

Cranberries are rich in phytonutrients known as A-type proanthocyanidins, antioxidants that may prevent urinary tract and kidney infections by reducing bacteria levels in urine.

Cranberries also have low potassium, phosphorus, and sodium content.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are closely linked to kidney infections, and a UTI can lead to kidney complications.

Cranberries can be consumed dried, cooked, fresh, or as juice.

One cup (100 g) of whole, fresh cranberries contains:

- Sodium: 2 mg

- Potassium: 80 mg

- Phosphorus: 11 mg

- Protein: 0.5 g

20. Shiitake Mushrooms

Shiitake mushrooms are a flavorful addition that can serve as a plant-based meat alternative. They are suitable for those with kidney disease on a plant-based diet, as well as anyone on a renal diet needing to limit protein intake.

They are an excellent source of B vitamins, copper, manganese, and selenium, and offer a substantial amount of plant-based protein and dietary fiber.

Shiitake mushrooms have lower potassium, sodium, and phosphorus levels than portabella and white button mushrooms, making them a suitable option for those on a renal diet.

One cup (145 g) of cooked shiitake mushroom pieces without added salt contains:

- Sodium: 6 mg

- Potassium: 170 mg

- Phosphorus: 42 mg

- Protein: 2 g

 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best diet for kidney disease and kidney failure?

While it may not be possible to heal your kidneys, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases suggests that managing kidney disease may be achievable through dietary changes such as:

- Avoiding excessive salt and sodium

- Consuming enough protein, but not in excess

- Following a heart-healthy diet

- Limiting alcohol intake

- Avoiding foods and beverages high in phosphorus and potassium

How can I strengthen my kidneys?

The National Kidney Foundation recommends the following to maintain kidney health:

- Managing high blood pressure

- Maintaining ideal blood sugar levels

- Limiting protein consumption

- Reducing salt intake

- Avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), aspirin, and naproxen (Naprosyn)

- Getting an annual flu shot

What is the best drink for healthy kidneys?

Water is the best choice as it helps flush the kidneys without adding stress from toxins. Growing evidence suggests that drinking plain water may help prevent kidney disease. Unsweetened cranberry juice is also beneficial, as it contains antioxidants that may protect the kidneys from infections. Rice milk, not enriched with potassium or phosphorus, is another option.Limit or avoid alcohol to reduce the risk of developing various health issues.

What are 10 foods that are bad for the kidneys?

If you have kidney disease, it's best to avoid foods high in sodium, phosphorus, or both. Here are some foods to avoid or limit:

- Processed foods or premade meals with added sodium

- Canned foods with added salt — choose salt-free options or rinse them before use

- Large portions of protein-rich foods like meat or dairy

- High-fat items and foods that are not heart-healthy

- Alcohol

- Packaged foods with high levels of sodium and phosphorus